Is PostgreSQL Database Free For All?
PostgreSQL is an open source project. Open source by definition means that you can obtain the source code, use the program, and modify it freely without the confines of proprietary software. In the database world, open source means that you have honest access to benchmarking numbers and performance statistics, which companies such as Oracle prohibit. Open source also means that you are free to modify PostgreSQL to fit your particular needs.
However, there is a misconception that since open source software is free from distribution restrictions, it is always free of cost to your company. This is not necessarily the case. It is true that you can, without external cost, download and install open source software, but there will always be costs associated with the time and energy your company puts into support and research of the application. As such, if you do not have those resources to spend, there are several commercial vendors and consultants who deal specifically with PostgreSQL.
Commercial PostgreSQL Products
The Red Hat version of PostgreSQL is called Red Hat Database and is a very new product to the database market. Red Hat Database is based on the community-released open source version, PostgreSQL 7.1. Red Hat Database currently supports Linux only, preferably Red Hat Linux 7.1.
Open Source Versus Commercial Products
The open source version of PostgreSQL only includes the database-management system and the associated programming interfaces. The Red Hat version of PostgreSQL includes a graphical installer and limited support for the installation.
The main factor in deciding whether to use the open source version of PostgreSQL or a commercially packaged version should be your business requirements. If you have a knowledgeable on-site technical-support staff, the community version may do well for you. However, if you need installation, configuration, and management support, you may be better served by purchasing a commercial version of PostgreSQL.
What Do You Understand of PostgreSQL?
Let’s start discussing about postgresql today. I know many of you are not yet familiar with this powerful database. So what exactly is postgresql?
PostgreSQL is widely considered to be the most advanced open source database system in the world.
PostgreSQL is an Object-Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS) that has been developed in various forms since 1977. It began as a project named Ingres at the University of California at Berkeley. Ingres itself was later developed commercially by Relational Technologies/Ingres Corporation.
In 1986 another team led by Michael Stonebraker from Berkeley continued the development of the Ingres code to create an object-relational database system called Postgres. In 1996, due to a new open source effort and the enhanced functionality of the software, Postgres was renamed to PostgreSQL, after a brief stint as Postgres95. The PostgreSQL project is still under very active development worldwide from a team of open source developers and contributors.
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Remembering Web-Server Programming in Apache
Before the World Wide Web appeared, client/server network programming was a drag. Application developers had to develop the communications protocol, write the low-level network code to reliably transmit and receive messages, create a user interface at the client side of the connection, and write a server to listen for incoming requests, service them properly, and transmit the results back to the client. Even simple client/server applications were many thousand lines of code, the development pace was slow, and programmers worked in C. Read More
Declarative and Procedural Integrity: Violation Responses
Violation Responses
When defining the database schema, you must not only determine how a given integrity constraint might most effectively be implemented, you must also decide what action the database engine should take if the constraint is violated. In most cases, of course, the database will simply reject the offending command, posting an error in whatever method is most effective. Sometimes, however, the database can take corrective action that makes the requested change acceptable. Examples of this include the provision of a default value for attributes that do not allow empty values, or performing a cascading update or cascading delete to preserve referential integrity. We’ll discuss violation responses in detail in Part 3.
Declarative and Procedural Integrity
Relational database engines provide integrity support in two ways: declarative and procedural. Declarative integrity support is explicitly defined (“declared”) as part of the database schema. Both the Jet database engine and SQL Server provide some declarative integrity support. Declarative integrity is the preferred method for implementing data integrity. You should use it wherever possible.
SQL Server implements procedural integrity support by way of trigger procedures that are executed (“triggered”) when a record is either inserted, updated, or deleted. The Jet database engine does not provide triggers or any other form of procedural integrity. When an integrity constraint cannot be implemented using declarative integrity it must be implemented in the front end.